Re: Holes

There is a famous article dealing with structures and their supposed functions from Gould and Lewontin, which might be interesting in context of the holes and Alistair's comment:

The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme

The article can be found on the internet.

Yours,

David Broederbauer

From: ajmhay@hotmail.com
To: aroid-l@www.gizmoworks.com
Date: Sun, 26 Feb 2012 17:12:07 +1100
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Holes

I am not convinced any of the "ecological" explanations even begin to touch the question!

There is usually a tacit assumption that perforated leaves have evolved from unperforated leaves - hence the question 'why holes?'. But maybe they have evolved from leaves with had dissected margins - in which case the question becomes why, in their development, are these leaves dissected from within the margin instead of at the margin?

Roughly speaking, the leaf of a mature M. deliciosa has three hierarchical sets of holes - a set very big ones whose thin edges break as the leaf unfolds creating the major dissections of the leaf, a set of medium holes and a set of small holes near the midrib. Philidendron bipinnatidum on the other hand, also roughly speaking, has (up to) three sets of marginal lobes, a set of very big ones making the major divisions, which are themselves lobed (the mid-level divisions) and a few of the finest "lobes on lobes on lobes".  The leaves of these two common examples are, in a sense, 'inside out' versions of each other.... 

Looking at it primarily as an evolution of development (interior functional) question rather than an adaptive-ecological (exterior functional) question leads one off in a rather different direction [see Hay & Mabberley in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 113 (1991) 339-428] :-)



Date: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 20:38:10 -0800
From: jason.hernandez74@yahoo.com
To: aroid-l@www.gizmoworks.com
Subject: Re: [Aroid-l] Holes

No one has figured out definitely what is the function of holes, but several ideas have been proposed in the literature.  One -- which I consider the least plausible -- is to fool insects: supposedly, insects see the leaves appearing already to have been eaten and move on, as if to avoid a plant with higher concentrations of defensive compounds, or possibly competition from other insects.  This theory does, however, raise questions about how important visual cues are to herbivorous insects.  Another idea is that the holes increase air circulation around the leaves, possibly providing "air conditioning" or facilitating gas exchange.  To me this seems more likely.

Jason Hernandez
Naturalist-at-Large


Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 20:55:14 -0400
From: "John" <c*@spiceisle.com>
Subject: [Aroid-l] Holes
To: "'Discussion of aroids'" <aroid-l@www.gizmoworks.com>
Message-ID: <auto-000487290283@cgpfe4.candwall.com">auto-000487290283@cgpfe4.candwall.com>
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Can anyone say what might be the biological purpose of leaves with holes in
them?  A typical example would be Monstera deliciosa.



John.

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