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RE: Mycorrhiza -- different types

I forward this to you from Ed Blooknick -- head of research and product
development for Premier - one of the industry leaders in mycorrihizae
research for the past decade.  He works closely with university and USDA
soil scientists on this topic.  Hope this helps clear up some
information that is circulating.

-----Original Message-----
From: Ed.Bloodnick@premierhort.com [E*@premierhort.com]

Sent: Thursday, April 04, 2002 5:43 PM
To: buzz@impact-pr.com
Subject: Re: FW: [GWL]: Different types of mycorrhizae??

Hi Suzi,

There are several classes of mycorrhizae, however the most familiar are
ectomycorrhizae, endomycorrhizae and ericoids. (there's also ecto-endos,
ectendos, vesicular-arbuscular..which refers more to structure and so
on)

Ectos generally forms associations with conifers, hardwood forest trees,
etc. and are generally found in more temperate regions.  These
mycorrhizae generally change the morphology of the plant root system and
can be visible to the naked eye.  Ectos also typically produce fruiting
bodies (called sporocarps which include mushrooms, puffballs, etc.)

Endos generally form associations with mostly seed bearing plants, and
are more abundant in tropical and sub-tropical regions (this is where
these host plants....annuals, herbaceous, woodies...are generally
concentrated)
They are invisible to the naked eye and do not change root morphology.

Ericoids are generally associated with Ericaceaous plants and can be
found in more abundance in cooler climates.  In fact, Sphagnum peat moss
generally has high counts of ericoids, due to the amount of ericaceous
plants growing on the peat bog (rhododendron, blueberry, etc.)

I mentioned physical regions, however mycorrhizae are not limited to
these regions.  For example, there may be higher populations endos in
the rainforests due to the simple fact that they is a greater diversity
and dense population of host plants that endos favor as host plants.
You can also find endos in temperate and boreal regions. Other classes
of mycorrhizae are not limited to regions.

As for the comment "do not plant perennials/shrubs and
vegetables/annuals in the same beds or near one another, because the
mycorrhizal activity from one sort of defeats the other"..... this is
news to me.  I have read research that some mycorrhizae may limit other
species, however this is generally to exclusion.  This is a matter of
the more dominant species will colonize host plants faster than other
species.  As for planting beds, if small varieties of pine were
established for many years and inoculated with ectomycorrhizae, the soil
of course would contain high amounts of ectomycorrhizae.  If the pines
were removed and the bed subsequently planted with bedding plants, these
ectomycorrhizae would not benefit annuals.  (mycorrhizae are host plant
specific)  Same is true for a field crop of peppers inoculated with
endos.  If pines were planted in the following year, endos would not
benefit pines ( these plants form symbiosis with ectos).  However, each
of the mycorrhizae would not harm other mycorrhizae or the non-host
plants.

What doesn't make sense in this comment is that most perennials,
vegetables, annuals and deciduous shrubs (and many trees) would benefit
from the same mycorrhizae class (endo). If there are multiple species of
endos present in the soil, then it is a matter of exclusion, where some
may be more dominant than others (certain types perform better with
different host plants) Many studies actually indicate synergistic
affects with a diversity of mycorrhizae.  The USDA has done a lot of
work in this area and can provide information.

I am also aware that some publications have been released indicating
that some mycorrhizae can have pathogenic affects on other soil
organisms. Subsequent research has indicated that this false..... it is
a matter of exclusion.

I would ask for the references or possibly the message at the
presentation was taken out of context.  I've included a brief article
that I wrote explaining mycorrhizae.  Maybe this could help.

Regards,
Ed

-----Original Message-----
From: Sharon Wren [s*@msn.com] 
Sent: Thursday, April 04, 2002 8:25 AM
To: Gardenwriters@topica.com
Subject: RE: [GWL]: Mycorrhiza

I've been attempting to follow this discussion because it sounds
fascinating
but I don't understand half of it.  That's partly because I didn't do
well
in science in school and partly because I read my morning email before
the
contacts go in while I drink the first caffeine of the day.  Is there a
"Mycorrhiza For Dummies?"

Sharon Wren
http://i.am/overworkedandunderpaid

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